Sunday, March 20, 2011

Tanmayee Yenumula: Outside Readings (Set 5): Book Review 3.20.11

Although Mark Mordue says Nick Cave’s book The Death Of Bunny Munro should come with an “EXPLICIT warning”, I would suggest that Mordue’s book review come with the same warning. This book review, despite being very amusing and acting as a goldmine for a young literary critic such as myself, was highly risqué in nature and language. The Death of Bunny Munro is the “story of a sex-obsessed travelling salesman whose life is apparently spiraling towards its end.”
As Mordue tackles the review of such a risqué book, he makes use of a mixture of criticisms. He uses some feminist criticism and psychoanalytic criticism with the main formalist critical approach. In regards to making use of feminist criticism, Mordue highlights the point that the feminization of modern literature is increasing quite rapidly, and makes sure to talk about how the book seems to counterattack that trend. Also, in order to address the book from a psychoanalytic viewpoint, Mordue asks questions such as what “happens when a talented rock star produces an excellent novel that is an orgy of male sexual fantasies and exultant misogyny.”
There were a variety of literary techniques in use but the ones that I will choose to focus on are: the low comedy, an aspect of the language that was used, elevated diction choices appealing to people of higher education, and the usage of syntax.
Although there was plenty of low comedy, it does not go unnoticed that this technique is probably one of the only ways of tackling the review of a book playing on the topic of sex. One example of the low comedy employed by Mark Mordue was when he described a scene in the book that involved a potentially hot Arab woman, which he commented on with crude humor saying, “oh man, labia from Arabia”. This comment, despite its blatant disregard for sensitivity, shows that the book that it is referring to is much the same.
Mordue’s use of an elevated diction choice to appeal to an educated audience is shown right from the very beginning of his book review when he describes Nick Cave’s book as “an incendiary piece of semi-pornographic, high-brow trash on the borderlines between disposability and art”. This quick description of the book is not something that an average citizen would be able to grasp. Mordue’s attempt to create this review for an educate audience also tells more about the book he is reviewing because he makes it clear that there is more to the book than just sex.
Another literary technique used to create more appeal to people of a higher education is the syntax choice of the usage of long, flowing sentences. For example, Mordue states that “some of Cave’s best writing emerges as we begin to see the adult Bunny Munro from his son’s perspective, as well as detect a vulnerability in the son’s situation that’s truly nerve wracking and borderline abusive.” This sentence would be difficult for the common man to understand because it meaning is buried behind a long line of words.
I can connect this piece to Death of a Salesman because the general story that is being reviewed is very similar to the plot of Death of a Salesman, a fact that Mordue himself can point out when he states that comparisons between the two books “relate to the unsettling use of memory and self-delusion that both Miller and Cave embroider into their dramatic depictions, taking their seemingly naturalistic works into far more other-worldly and troubling places”.
            Despite the extremely risqué topic covered, the book interesting was quite interesting and made good use of a wide variety of literary techniques.

Tanmayee Yenumula: Outside Readings (Set 5): Editorial Essay 3.20.11




False Confessions is a New York Times editorial article that discusses the future of Douglas Warney “a person of limited mental capabilities who has been diagnosed with AIDS and AIDS dementia” who served nine years in prison for a crime he did not commit. The author of this article uses a very straightforward approach to his stance and makes his voice clear through the usage of language, syntax, and diction.
            The most noticeable rhetoric device used by the author is the language. The author makes use of a very plain style of writing in order to allow readers of any education level to understand the situation. For example, when he talks about Warney’s release, the author says “DNA evidence showed the murder was actually committed by a man Mr. Warney had never met”. This is a very plain and simple method of talking about one man being convicted for another man’s crime!
            In keeping with a plain style of language, the syntax choices involve short, compact sentences with high impact words at the end. For example, he says, “lower state courts have rashly agreed”. This is an example of a simple statement that is nonetheless used to push towards a specific viewpoint.
            The final literary technique used was the diction. Once again, just as with the syntax, the diction choice firmly enhances the plain language style. For such a controversial issue, the author uses more neutral words that, when placed with the syntax structures, create the understanding towards the viewpoint that is being argue for. For example, the author makes use of words such as “troubled” to make his point.
            These elements allowed me to clearly understand the author’s viewpoint with no comprehension issues. However, this author would not work well as an AP speaker because he never once acknowledges the opposing viewpoint, which would be deliberately leaving out some evidence. Despite this, the author does a great job making his point. 

Tanmayee Yenumula: Outside Readings (Set 5): Reflective Essay 3.20.11

Hidden Truths by Emily Rapp is a reflective essay recounting her memory of her stay in Korea. The basic summary of the story is that Rapp is a college student taking part in a study abroad program in Korea. Rapp has been through challenges due to her disability—she has a prosthetic leg. As part of her training, she has been dropped off in the city and must get back to the university before a certain time, using only the map that’s written in Korean, and her own limited knowledge of the language in order to communicate with the locals. The point of this essay is to talk about how she faced her latest challenge in a completely foreign country, where disabled people are looked down.
Rapp’s tone is introspective—thoughtful and reflective as she considers her own internal feelings. One of the most important techniques that Rapp uses to create this tone is her diction choice. She doesn’t attempt to use “higher-level” words. She uses common everyday language that the reader, like myself, can relate to very easily and understand her position. 
She also makes use of a more humor in her language in order to create the tone. The result of her introspection is that she wants to succeed and that she should remain optimistic no matter the situation. She uses humor to convey that. Earlier in the piece, when Rapp’s leg loses a screw, she needs help, and “[She] was starting to make [her]self sick with worry, but [she] tried to look exceptionally friendly…the man responded with a deep textured, smoker’s laugh”. She turns what might have been a terrifying situation in something a little lighter and more comedic. After Rapp narrates about getting the help she needed, she heads back to the university, thinking about her internal state of feelings. She states, “I could not lose. If I arrived last, I thought, I would be nothing but a cripple”. She continues to reflect thoughtfully about her state of mind at that time. When she found that she had arrived first at the meeting point, she “felt a rush of relief mixed with a kind of intoxicating pride”. As she starts to freshen up and fix the leg, she begins to consider how she manages with her disability. Rapp states that “Bitterness and anger would never help. I had learned to manage my disability by putting on a determined smile and believing that with the right adaptive strategies…I could adjust to any situation”. 
Rapp also uses excessive imagery in order to truly transport the reader to this situation and to make this whole account more relatable. One example of her imagery is used when she describes "chaos of smells of car exhaust, rotting vegetables, melting tar, and frying garlic". The imagery here allows the reader to understand how the chaos can truly be frightening in a new scenario. 
The piece had very few weaknesses. Its strength was that the piece was easy to relate with, even though many people can’t even begin to imagine the hardships of a disabled person. Maybe the one weakness was that the there was too much description at the beginning that really didn’t need to be there, but to each unto his own.
This would be a good piece for the AP because the tone can be supported by many different writing techniques and there is much evidence that is available to use for analysis of this piece.

Tanmayee Yenumula: Class Notes (3.7.11-3.18.11)

Modernism
- Characteristics of Modernism
  • Disillusionment following WWI    many expatriates
    • Universal Truth
    • "angry young man" syndrome
  • Stern's "Lost Generation"
  • New narrative techniques
  • Cri du cur     > "MAKE IT HAPPEN!"
- New Forms of Narrative
  • Unreliable narrators
  • Multiple narrators
  • Minor characters as 1st person narrators
  • Stream of consciousness
- Connection: Literary movements were not the only movements to follow a modernist way of thinking. Artistic movements also mirrored modernist ideology. Examples of this include Picasso and the Cubists and their usage of the technique of superimposition (looking at an object or person from all angles).


Post-Modernism
  • PoMo (Post-Modernism)= Modernism- Universal Truth + Irony
  • Blending of high and low culture
  • Self-reference
  • The simulacrum ("simulated world")
    • Connection: Nowadays, we can see also sorts of simulated situations with many websites making profits from simulated worlds.
Surrealism
  • A movement in the arts (visual, musical, dramatic, and literary) between WWI and WWII
  • Uses unexpected juxtapositions in ways intended to activate subconscious associations that highlight truths hidden from us when we are trapped in linear, "logical" patterns of thought
  • Uses juxtapositions     of images, words, etc.     determined by psychological "thought processes" rather than logical thought processes
  • Attempts to join the worlds of dreams and fantasy to "reality" to create a larger reality     a "surreality"
  • Dreamlike, playful, sometimes eerie or bizarre
  • Influenced by the work of Freud and Jung

Tanmayee Yenumula: Class Notes (2.21.11-3.4.11)

Apocalypse Now

  • Image of the stone head       > "Ozymandias"
    • Even the greatest of rulers will not be remembered for what they would like to remembered for

Comedy Information
Types of Comedy

  • Low Comedy: lack of seriousness; boisterous conduct; much wordplay; crude humor
  • High Comedy: serious comedy; arouses thoughtful laughter; displays the follies of social matters
  • Burlesque: ridiculous exaggeration and distortion (very caricature-like); serious topic treated frivolously or vice versa
  • Farce: characterized by a highly improbably plot and exaggerations; slapstick elements for humor
  • Lampoon: broad satirical piece with the intent of attacking a person or group
  • Parody: imitation or burlesque of a serious piece of work; literary version of a caricature
  • Satire: ridicule of the follies and vices of a people or time period
  • Slapstick: boisterous form of comedy marked by chases, collisions, and crude practical jokes
  • Travesty: reduces every subject to its lowest level
    • Note that many of these various types of comedy do overlap each other
The Comedic Ladder

  • Comedy of Ideas
    • involve ideas such as politics, religion, sex, marriage, etc.
    • use of wit and clever language to mock opponents
    • subtle satirical aimed towards people and institutions such as political parties, governments, churches, war, marriage, etc.
  • Comedy of Manners
    • love affairs among the upper class
    • witty language, clever speech, insults and "putdowns:
      • Connection: Pride and Prejudice is typically considered a Comedy of Manners because its characters make full use of witty language and clever speech as a means of verbal jousting
    • cliques that are exclusive with certain groups
  • Farce
    • plot full of coincidences, mistimings, mistaken identities
    • characters are puppets of fate
    • loss of identity is a common theme
    • twins separated (ties in with fate)
  • Low Comedy
    • dirty jokes, dirty gestures, sex, elimination
    • exaggeration and understatements act as extremes of humor with a focus on physical aspects
    • slapsticks, pratfalls, loud noises, physical mishaps, collisions
Comedy v. Tragedy

  • Irrational v. Rational
  • Amoral v. Moral
  • Discontinuous v. Logical
  • Marriage v. Death
    • Connection: Throughout my four years in English at OHS, we focused greatly on the different between a tragedy and a comedy, and we definitely notices that with Shakespearan texts, the MAIN difference between a comedy and a tragedy was marriage and death. Comedies such as Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and Taming of the Shrew all feature a happy ending with a marriage.
  • Reconciliation v. Punishment
  • Laughter v. Catharsis
The 6 Elements Required for a Work to be Considered Humorous

  1. It must appeal to the intellect rather than emotions
  2. It must be mechanical
  3. It must be inherently human, with the capability of reminding us of humanity
  4. There must be a set of established societal norms
  5. The situation and its component parts must be inconsistent with societal norms
  6. It must be perceived by the observer as harmless to the participants
Comedic Technique Vocabulary
- This is just something you will have to work on. However, i'm sure you know all of these words because you have all been studying vocabulary ; )


Huck Finn is considered to be a comedy of ideas and is a piece whose motifs involve a search for identity and freedom. The book was filled with Twain's characteristic satirical style.

Monday, February 21, 2011

Tanmayee Yenumula: Outside Readings (Set 4): Reflective Essay 2.21.11

Music Lessons by Candace Moonshower proved to be a captivating piece filled with rich wording and a strong tone. This reflective essay spoke about the significance of music in the author’s life. With the memories starting in her childhood, the author does well to place a strong emphasis on the tone of the piece right from the very start. This piece speaks about how she developed and fit in with her family and friends and how music fit in with her lifestyle. Moonshower sets her memories up precisely with the tone she is trying to create, an optimistic, sort of reminiscing, and almost sentimental mood.

Moonshower starts out talking about her family history. Music functioned as a glue that held her family together. Everyone in her family had superb musical ability, and music lessons “provided the golden key to the door of sameness – of familial belonging” (Moonshower). This belief stuck with her even as she grew up. Moonshower sets this piece up perfectly by displaying her thoughts throughout each stage of the reflection, as she did when she mentioned the quote about the “golden key”. As she reflects back upon her childhood memories, she uses many element of diction to play up her strong optimistic, yet reminiscing tone. One of the many techniques Moonshower uses is diction, as seen through her choice of elegant, and ornate words in the quote above. 

Moonshower also makes rich use of sensory details through the technique of imagery. As a piece that focuses on music, Music Lessons really allows the reader to hear the “jazzy, big band sounds of Tommy Dorsey and Glenn Miller, or of Peggy Lee crooning“Don’t Blame Me” with the Dave Barbour Band”. All of these sounds are a comfort due to her deep-rooted love of music. However, Moonshower doesn’t just provide the reader with auditory details, she allows the reader to literally enter her world. The reader is able to see how the family just meshes together perfectly under the influence of music as her “home resounded with music and the conversations of music-lovers and bona fide musicians”. The reader is also able to see and feel the “bloody, bruised and bungling fingers” of Moonshower. Even though she had all of these bad memories with music, due to her inability to rise up to the expectations of her family, the reader still sees Moonshower’s optimism throughout the piece because she kept fighting to excel. For example, she made up for her scarred fingers by learning to read music. This part could have been buried by the excellent imagery created but Moonshower actually uses this to enrich the determination and optimism she felt as she “attacked [her] sheets of music with a concentrated vengeance”. Even through all the negative memories, Moonshower’s emphasis on the rich details allows the optimistic tone of the piece to shine through.

Moonshower also uses plenty of dialogue to add variety to the many literary techniques she used, as well as to keep the reader engrossed in the piece. The use of dialogue also helps enhance the tone of her piece because Moonshower describes the tones of the speakers within the piece, which relates well to the tone she is trying to create. For example, when David is talking to Moonshower, his speaks “with the confident voice of someone for whom music is like breathing”. Candace Moonshower uses the optimism in David’s voice to highlight her own optimistic tone.

Moonshower even uses connections to other works to enhance her tone. For instance, at one point, she referred to her music lessons as “a constant, chafing albatross of a burden that grew heavier and more dreaded each week”. This allows the readers to connect with Samuel Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner where the tone starts of deep and gloomy by soon turns optimistic toward the end, just as Moonshower’s piece does.

All in all, I think that this would be a decent tone to use on the AP. The tone is one that can be easily enhanced through the usage of many various literary techniques, and can have a strong impact on the AP readers. 

Tanmayee Yenumula: Outside Readings (Set 4): Book Review 2.21.11

So often, book reviews simply summarize the book, weakly saving the ending from being revealed. Book reviews nowadays function to simply allow the reader a basic gist of the book without ever having to read it. The book reviews are weak attempts at capturing the attention of the audience and persuading them to go out and experience the book firsthand. However, in reality, book reviews are really supposed to be extended analysis on the book for those who have already read it.

With that thought in mind,
 
Sam Tanenhaus’s book review of Open: An Autobiography by Andre Agassi, proved to be a wonderful surprise to the reader in that it did so much more than just summarize the book. This review is not just some weak summary of the book. Tanenhaus provides a strong hook into the review, using the real-life image of Andre Agassi to pull at the reader’s interest. He starts out talking about Agassi’s personality, an element in which all people agree, in the fact that Agassi has a very colorful and interesting personality. Even though Tanenhaus has a subtly admirable image of Agassi, he does well to stick to neutral ground when analyzing the book, keeping in mind that not everyone agrees that Andre Agassi is one of the best tennis players.

After slowly capturing the reader’s attention with a series of information aboutAgassi’s personality as well as on-court style, Tanenhaus begins to start turning toward the analysis of the book. Then he drops the real shocker (to those who perhaps hadn’t read the book) by revealing the Agassi considered tennis to be a prison that had been containing him for some 30 years. Although he does summarize the book at times, Tanenhaus follows up the summaries with sharp analysis. For example, Tanenhaus summarizes the pain of Agassi’s childhood but analyzes that “all this was nurturing, at least compared with his next incarceration, at the Florida tennis academy” (Agassi). It even seems that Tanenhaus does some outside research to enhance his review of the book when he mentions statistics on Andre Agassi’s game compared to Pete Sampras. This could almost be considered a New Historicism analysis because he looks at the authors's (Agassi's) background to analyze the book. I can connect this to many of our discussions in class because when analyzing the work, with all of the various techniques, we also look at the author's background, just like Tanenhaus. Also, his level of formality (a diction choice) involved more scholarly words (such as incarcerated).

In regards to other literary techniques that were used, Tanenhaus paid particular attention to his syntax choices. Often, he kept long, elegant sentences that fit in well with his diction choice of scholarly words. However, if he wanted to place a special emphasis on a certain fact, he did make sure to cut the sentence into a quick, concise one with a high-impact words towards the end. Tanenhaus even used imagery, to a certain extent, to appeal to the readers. He illustrated what the response was to Agassi's book and did quite a good job with it. 

Tanenhaus  stays balanced and neutral. While he does not give a solely negative review, he also does not give a solely positive review; Tanenhaus sticks to neutral ground by pointing out some flaws in the book while also pointing out the good elements. It is important for a book reviewer not to be too biased, and Tanenhaus does a good job to offer his viewpoint (as an Agassi admirer) but still focus on some aspects of the book that were maybe not so pleasing, like when Agassi “at times in ‘Open’ seems bent on reprising the full catalog [of wins and losses at each and every tournament]”.

What is most impressive about this book review, distinguishing it from all the other “good reviews” as an “excellent” review, is that this review even analyzes tone.Tanenhaus makes sure to acknowledge the tone of the book, highlighting how the book is “darkly funny yet also anguished and soulful”.